The relationship between anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery in the covid-19 pandemic: A structural model.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had a great psychological effect on health service providers and students of related fields. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and academic identity and the motivation to study nursing and midwifery during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study 221 nursing and midwifery students at-University of Medical Sciences in 2020 using census sampling were studied. The questionnaires were GADQ-7, the student's academic identity standard questionnaire, the coronavirus anxiety scale, and academic motivation in nursing and midwifery. Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and path analysis were used in statistical software AMOS (version 21) and SPSS (version 22). RESULTS: The results showed that motivation and anxiety with a significant overall effect of 0.43 and -0.36 were the main determining variables of academic identity respectively (P < 0.001). COVID-19 anxiety was recognized as responsible for 24% of the changes in motivation to study nursing (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Academic identity and motivation to study nursing and midwifery have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for psychological attention in this situation is required for nursing and midwifery students.

Psychometric evaluation of the perceived nursing student's Incivility questionnaire.

AIM: Student's uncivil behaviour is one of the most common problems in the educational setting, including nursing schools. It is essential to develop tools for measuring the uncivil behaviour of nursing students to solve this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire among the Iranian community. DESIGN: In this methodological study, perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire was completed by 360 nursing students and 121 nursing faculty members. METHODS: Sampling was done from October 2019-November 2019. Content and construct validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients and composite reliability. The construct validity of nursing student's perceived incivility was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS: Content validity index 0.88 for the whole instrument. The three factors of violent behaviours, irresponsible behaviours and unsound behaviours explained more than 51.485% of the variance. Factor structure extracted using model fit indices (PCFI = 0.763, PNFI = 0.732, CMIN/DF = 2.501, RMSEA = 0.056, GFI = 0.941, AGFI = 0.918, CFI = 0.935) and convergent validity were also confirmed. Internal consistency and composite reliability were estimated to be more than 0.7. The results showed that Iranian perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire is a three-dimensional construct with good validity and reliability.

Relationship between mindfulness and maternal stress and mother - Infant bonding in neonatal intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Having a baby admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is so stressful, has a negative impact on mother well-being, and also disrupts mother-infant bonding process because the infant spend the first several weeks or months in the NICU. Previous studies have shown the positive association of the mindfulness and various health conditions. This study investigated the relationship between mothers' dispositional mindfulness and level of stress and bonding in mothers with infants in the NICU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during 2019 on 140 mothers with newborns admitted to the NICUs in two hospitals in Qom city in Iran. The self-report measures of dispositional mindfulness, Parental Stressor Scale: NICU, and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were administered to mothers on the 2nd-5th day after birth. The data analysis was carried out by using a stepwise multiple regression model. RESULTS: The mean scores of mindfulness, stress, and bonding were 3.32 ± 0.52, 2.32 ± 0.77, and 0.47 ± 0.37, respectively. There was a statistically significant inverse relationship between total mindfulness score and stress (P < 0.001). Furthermore, high scores of mindfulness were associated with better bonding (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in mindfulness helps mothers to reduce stress and make better bonding with infants. It is recommended that mindfulness interventions use during pregnancy also after birth, especially for mothers that their infants admitted to in the NICUs.

Factor Analysis of Iranian Version of Nursing Students' Incivility Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Uncivil student behavior is one of the challenging issues in the nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and teacher-student interactions. Planning to control student's incivility requires knowing the condition using valid tools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the incivility occurrence's questionnaire among Iranian students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This methodological study was conducted on 358 nursing students and 122 nursing faculty members. The samples were selected from the nursing students of second to fourth year from September to October 2019. McDonald's omega, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and composite reliability were calculated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate the construct validity of tool. RESULTS: Content validity index was 0.94 for the whole instrument. In factor analysis, three factors of irresponsible, violent, and unsound behaviors were identified. These factors explained more than 50.52% of the variance. Model fit indices Parsimonious Normed Fit Index) = 0.74, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.05, Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index = 0.78, Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.92, Comparative Fit Index ( CFI) = 0.92, Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index) = 0.89, CIMN=2.58) indicated the proportion of factors. Internal consistency was 0.77 to 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire is a three-dimensional tool with appropriate validity and reliability that can be used to evaluate occurrence rate of nursing student incivility in Iran.

Perceived Stigma in People Living With HIV in Qom.

Objective: This study aimed to report on perceived stigma by PLWH and factors that affect it. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 PLWH in Qom, Iran from November 2015 to April 2016. Persian version of Fife and Wright's scale was used to measure perceived stigma. Results: The mean score of stigma was 73.19 ± 12.23 (range: 48-97). The means of external stigma and internal stigma were 43.70 ± 8.61 (range: 19-60), and 29.49 ± 5.32 (range: 17-40), respectively. Living in a rural areas (ß = 10.341, p = 0.006), unemployment status (ß = 6.910, p = 0.006), and poor support from family members (ß = 4.772, p = 0.028) significantly increased the level of perceived stigma. PLWH experience a considerable level of stigma in their daily life. Mass media involvement to increase public awareness and reduce HIV related stigma need be more highlighted. Conclusion: Working with the patients' families, interventions in the rural areas and workplaces, and providing social supports is necessary to minimize the HIV related stigma.

Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Spiritual Well-Being/Religious Activities in Muslim Women with Breast Cancer.

For determining relationship between quality of sleep and spiritual well-being/religious activities in Muslim women with breast cancer (WBC), we conducted a cross-sectional study on 80 WBC who presented at all chemotherapy clinics in Qom, Iran, in 2012. We used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), and religious activities (RA) questionnaire. Global PSQI score and its seven components score were not significantly correlated with total score of SWBS and its two subscales. Global PSQI score was not significantly correlated with total score of RA questionnaire (P = 0.278), but its "sleep latency" (r = 0.235, P = 0.044) and "use of sleep medications" (r = 0.237, P = 0.040) components were significantly correlated with total score of RA. Global PSQI was significantly correlated with "I don't get much personal strength and support from my God," "I believe there is some real purpose for my life" questions in SWBS, and "Attendance in mosque or religious places" subscale of RA.

Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of HIV/AIDS Related Stigma Scale for People Living With HIV/AIDS in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceived HIV/AIDS related stigma a comprehensive and well developed stigma instrument is necessary. This study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale which was developed by Kang et al for people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thescale was forward translatedby two bilingual academic members then both translations were discussed by expert team. Back-translation was done by two other bilingual translators then we carried out discussion with both of them. To evaluate understandability the scale was administered to 10 Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Final Persian version was administered to 80 PLWHA in Qom, Iran in 2014. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sample of 20 PLWHA after a week by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall scale was 0.85. Also Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the five subscales were as follows: social rejection (9 items, α = 0.84), negative self-worth (4 items, α = 0.70), perceived interpersonal insecurity (2 items, α = 0.57), financial insecurity (3 items, α = 0.70), discretionary disclosure (2 items, α = 0.83). Test-retest reliability was also approved with ICC = 0.78. Correlation between items and their hypothesized subscale is greater than 0.5. Correlation between an item and its own subscale was significantly higher than its correlation with other subscales. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that the Persian version of HIV/AIDS related stigma scale is valid and reliable to assess HIV/AIDS related stigma perceived by people living whit HIV/AIDS in Iran.